^STUDY !OBJECTIVE=To assay the environmental chemical Furfural for its ability to induce genetic damage in Drosophila melanogaster germ cells !STUDY_DESIGN=Parallel !LABORATORY=Molecular Genetics Laboratory, NIEHS !SUBJECT_TYPE=LAB_ANIMAL !CHEMICAL_NAME=Furfural !INSTITUTION=NTP !DURATION_UNIT=day !TIME_TYPE=Study !STUDY_TITLE=Genetic Toxicity Evaluation of Furfural in Drosophila Reciprocal Translocations Test !STUDY_DISCIPLINE=Genetic toxicology !PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR=JM Mason !DEPOSITOR_STUDY_NUMBER=778815_RT !STUDY_VARIABLES=STRESSOR_NAME|DOSE|DOSE_UNIT|TREATMENT_GROUP_TYPE !STRESSOR_TYPE=CHEMICAL !STUDY_DESC=Only those chemicals that tested positive in the SLRL test were assayed for induction of reciprocal translocations using the same route that produced the positive SLRL result. The treatment regimen was the same as for the SLRL test, except that Canton-S males were mated en masse to marker (bw;st or bw;e) females. The females were transferred to fresh medium every 3 to 4 days for a period of about 3 weeks producing a total of 6 broods. The results of the SLRL test were used to determine the germ cell stages most likely to be affected by the test chemical. F1 heterozygous males were backcrossed individually to bw;st females and the F2 progeny were screened for pseudolinkage. Flies suspected of carrying reciprocal translocations were retested to confirm the findings. The translocation data were compared to the historical control and significance was analyzed according to the conditional binomial response test of Kastenbaum and Bowman (1970). !STUDY_CONCLUSION=Negative !OLD_NTP_STUDY_TYPE=Drosophila Reciprocal Translocations !NTP_STUDY_TYPE=Genetic Toxicology - Drosophila Germ Cell Mutagenicity ^GROUP #GROUP_NAME #COMPARATOR_NAME #SUPER_GROUP_NAME #IS_CONTROL_GROUP #TREND_TEST_PVALUE #TREATMENT_GROUP_TYPE #STRESSOR_NAME #GENUS #SPECIES #STRAIN #SPECIES_COMMON_NAME #SEX #VEHICLE #CONTROL_SUBSTANCE_NAME #ROUTE #DOSE_DURATION #DOSE_DURATION_UNIT $GROUP_NAME $COMPARATOR_NAME $SUPER_GROUP_NAME $IS_CONTROL_GROUP $TREND_TEST_PVALUE $TREATMENT_GROUP_TYPE $STRESSOR_NAME $GENUS $SPECIES $STRAIN $SPECIES_COMMON_NAME $SEX $VEHICLE $CONTROL_SUBSTANCE_NAME $ROUTE $DOSE_DURATION $DOSE_DURATION_UNIT 1 Furfural Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S Fruit Fly Male Adult Injection 1 day 1_1_1_100.0_ppm_Furfural 1 Test Chemical Furfural Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S Fruit Fly Male Normal Saline ^STRESSOR_PROTOCOL=CHEM_STRESSOR_PROTOCOL #PROTOCOL_DISPLAY_NAME #PROTOCOL_DESC #STRESSOR_NAME #DOSE_PER_ADMIN #DOSE_PER_ADMIN_UNIT #ROUTE_ADMIN #IS_VEHICLE_CONTROL #AGENT_SUPPLIER #AGENT_SUPPLIER_LOCATION #DOSE_FREQUENCY #DOSE_FREQUENCY_UNIT #DOSE_DESC $PROTOCOL_DISPLAY_NAME $PROTOCOL_DESC $STRESSOR_NAME $DOSE_PER_ADMIN $DOSE_PER_ADMIN_UNIT $ROUTE_ADMIN $IS_VEHICLE_CONTROL $AGENT_SUPPLIER $AGENT_SUPPLIER_LOCATION $DOSE_FREQUENCY $DOSE_FREQUENCY_UNIT $DOSE_DESC Furfural_100.0_ppm_Adult Injection Furfural 100.0 ppm Adult Injection Radian Corporation Austin, TX once The solution is injected either manually, by attaching a rubber bulb to the other end of the pipette and forcing through sufficient solution (0.2-0.3 uL) to slightly distend the abdomen of the fly, or by attaching the pipette to a microinjector that automatically delivers a calibrated volume. Flies are anaesthetized with ether and immobilized on a strip of tape. Injection into the thorax, under the wing, is performed with the aid of a dissecting microscope. ^CARE=HUSBANDRY_PROTOCOL #PROTOCOL_DISPLAY_NAME #PROTOCOL_DESC #FOOD_AVAILABILITY #DIET_NAME #FOOD_REPLENISHMENT_FREQ #FOOD_REPLENISHMENT_FREQ_UNIT #IS_ANESTHETIC_USED $PROTOCOL_DISPLAY_NAME $PROTOCOL_DESC $FOOD_AVAILABILITY $DIET_NAME $FOOD_REPLENISHMENT_FREQ $FOOD_REPLENISHMENT_FREQ_UNIT $IS_ANESTHETIC_USED Injection Experiment 24- to 72- hour old Canton-S males were injected with a solution of test chemical dissolved in saline or suspended in peanut oil and allowed to recover for 24 hours. ad libitum 1 day T ^PREPARATION=LAB_ANIMAL_PREPARATION_PROTOCOL #PROTOCOL_DISPLAY_NAME #PROTOCOL_DESC #TIME_NEEDED_FOR_OBS_PROTOCOL #TIME_NEEDED_FOR_OBS_PROTOCOL_UNIT $PROTOCOL_DISPLAY_NAME $PROTOCOL_DESC $TIME_NEEDED_FOR_OBS_PROTOCOL $TIME_NEEDED_FOR_OBS_PROTOCOL_UNIT Injection Experiment Mating Canton-S males were mated en masse to marker (bw;st or bw;e) females. The females were transferred to fresh medium every 3 to 4 days for a period of about 3 weeks (to study the effects of sperm storage) producing a total of 6 broods. 3 day ^TIMELINE #TIME_IN_STUDY #TIME_IN_STUDY_UNIT #GROUP_NAME #PROTOCOL_DISPLAY_NAME $TIME_IN_STUDY $TIME_IN_STUDY_UNIT $GROUP_NAME $PROTOCOL_DISPLAY_NAME 0 DAY 1_1_1_100.0_ppm_Furfural Furfural_100.0_ppm_Adult Injection 0 DAY 1_1_1_100.0_ppm_Furfural Injection Experiment 0 DAY 1_1_1_100.0_ppm_Furfural Injection Experiment Mating ^ASSAY=GENETOX #PARTICIPANT_DISPLAY_NAME #PROTOCOL_NAME #STUDY_TIME #STUDY_TIME_UNIT #RT_NO_SPERM_TRANSLOCATIONS #RT_NO_SPERM_TRANSLOCATIONS[EVENT_START] #RT_NO_SPERM_TRANSLOCATIONS[EVENT_END] #RT_NO_SPERM_TESTS #RT_NO_SPERM_TESTS[EVENT_START] #RT_NO_SPERM_TESTS[EVENT_END] #RT_NO_SPERM_TRANSLOCATIONS_TOTAL #RT_NO_SPERM_TESTS_TOTAL #RT_NO_SPERM_TRANSLOCATIONS_PERCENTAGE $PARTICIPANT_DISPLAY_NAME $PROTOCOL_NAME $STUDY_TIME $STUDY_TIME_UNIT $RT_NO_SPERM_TRANSLOCATIONS $RT_NO_SPERM_TRANSLOCATIONS[EVENT_START] $RT_NO_SPERM_TRANSLOCATIONS[EVENT_END] $RT_NO_SPERM_TESTS $RT_NO_SPERM_TESTS[EVENT_START] $RT_NO_SPERM_TESTS[EVENT_END] $RT_NO_SPERM_TRANSLOCATIONS_TOTAL $RT_NO_SPERM_TESTS_TOTAL $RT_NO_SPERM_TRANSLOCATIONS_PERCENTAGE 1_1_1_100.0_ppm_Furfural Injection Experiment Mating 3 DAY 0 0 3 1316 0 3 1_1_1_100.0_ppm_Furfural Injection Experiment Mating 7 DAY 0 3 7 1348 3 7 1_1_1_100.0_ppm_Furfural Injection Experiment Mating 10 DAY 0 7 10 1278 7 10 1_1_1_100.0_ppm_Furfural Injection Experiment Mating 14 DAY 0 10 14 2020 10 14 1_1_1_100.0_ppm_Furfural Injection Experiment Mating 17 DAY 0 14 17 488 14 17 1_1_1_100.0_ppm_Furfural Injection Experiment Mating 20 DAY 0 17 20 0 17 20 0 6450 0.00